تأثير إضافة مخلفات الحيوان على إنتاجية المحاصيل النجيلية

Abstract

This study was conducted for two consecutive seasons in a private farm at El-Riyadh area-Saudi Arabia to investigate the effect of chicken manure and urea application on yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant cv. Yecora Rojo. The organic and inorganic fertilizers were added single or in four combination. Organic fertilizer used in this study was chicken manure at (10 ton/ha) with different ratios (100%,75%,50% and 25%) for two seasons. Inorganic fertilizers used were Urea (46%N) at level 300kg N/ha, Triple super phosphate (48% Ca(H2PO₂)) at level 175kg/ha and potassium sulphate at level 50kg K-SO/ha.
The treatments were arranged in completely randomized block design with four replications. The growth parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves and plant dry weight. Reproductive attributes investigated were number of spikelets per spike, seeds weight per spike, 100-seed weight and seed yield per unit area. The straw yield, harvest index, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency were also studied in this experiment.
The results showed that organic, inorganic fertilization and their combinations significantly increased all growth parameters measured in this study. On the other hand there is insignificant difference between single addition of chicken manure, its combination of 50% with urea and urea alone on growth parameters. While its application of other different ratios with urea had significant effect.
The results revealed that the combination of chicken manure with urea increased seed and straw yield significantly. In addition to that both treatments are better than the single addition of urea. In contrast, single
chicken manure addition and its combination of 50% with urea had no significant effect on seeds and straw yield as compared to urea alone.
The results indicated that the harvest index increased significantly with the addition combination of chicken manure and urea as compared with the control.
The results showed that the treatments exerted significant increase in the percentage of nitrogen in the seeds in comparison with the control. Also the increase in the percentage of nitrogen was significant with the addition of combination of organic manure and chemical fertilizers in comparison with urea alone. While there is insignificant increase in comparison with urea fertilizer in the second season although there increasing in the percentage of nitrogen in the seeds. With regards to the percentage of nitrogen in the leaves, the treatments exerted a significant increase compared to the control in the two season. Also chicken manure in combination with inorganic fertilizers caused a significant increase in the percentage of nitrogen in the leaves as compared with urea alone in the two seasons.
The results indicated that the nitrogen uptake by plants increased significantly with all treatments compared with control in the two seasons. Also the combination of chicken manure with urea increased the uptake significantly in comparison with urea fertilizer.
The results revealed that the value of nitrogen use efficiency ranged between 24.15-34.43 and 26.68-35.34 in the first and second season. respectively. With regard to agronomic efficiency it ranged from 10.9 21.27 and 11.93 26.02 in the first and second seasons respectively.